the substance root of life

Life Science (a)
chromatic creatures on the planet is full of boundless vitality, and they are closely associated to human survival and development. Mankind itself is biological, the production of human life is inseparable from other organisms. Now About 2 million kinds of biological knowledge, they merge, different, cried the study of biological science biology, also understood as life sciences. It examines the phenomenon of life and the decrees of life activities. but until now scientists can not give what is biological or say what is the life of a unified and authoritative under the elucidation, which reflects the complexity of life science. but people can still be refereed by the emulating characteristics of an thing is not biological.
Section fundamental functions of life
1. organisms have a common foundation and framework of the material basis of
2. organisms have metabolic
3. organisms have tension
4. organisms are growth, development and reproduction phenomenon
5. organisms have the specifics of genetic variation
6. organisms can adapt to a certain environment, but also can influence the environment and human

Biological Sciences Section of Biological Sciences is agricultural Lin, medicine and other related applied science foundation, and other natural sciences and social sciences is closely related to the evolution. So it is with humans and also has a direct bearing on the hereafter of mankind.
1. biological resources and scientific treatment must rely on human survival
resources, including biological resources. such as animals, plants, which provide for human flesh, breast, egg, leather, food, vegetables, fruit, hemp, cotton, oil, industrial rubber, as well as needed to fight disease, drugs and so on. These are all biological resources. biological resources are renewable resources. However, whether the blind abuse, will definitely lead to resource exhaustion, to the human calamity, which in China has a mysterious lesson. but to make rational use of biological resources, there must be scientific management, the upkeep of ecosystem structure and function, in-depth study of biological population changes in the laws to control the ecological system science.
2. Biological Science and Human Environmental
As human production activities, the unavoidable will bring the appropriate biological surroundings pollution. such as industrial production into the health and human survival. biological life and the environment and the complicated relationship exists among. humans make full use of the special properties of biological decomposition, when some sources of pollution, but also make excellent exertions to nourish ecological poise, to defend the human living environment ,shenzhen escort, so that all types of biological species can be a virtuous cycle and growth, the behalf of mankind.
3. Biological Sciences and Food
available on the planet because human food is limited,shanghai massage, the earth edible crisis, the direct threat to the people survival. The World Health Organization reported that every daytime people die of starvation because of food shortage, things happen, via the photosynthesis of plant physiology in biology research, to boost food production, plant varieties and quality of research, are ambition contribute to solving the world food crisis.
4. Biology and Biological Engineering
21 century will be the century of biology. bioengineering such as protein engineering, enzyme engineering, cell engineering, genetic engineering of the technology in manufacture, farming and the roomy applying of the pill manufacture, will bring wish of a better human life. If the cloned sheep and other cloned animals come out, will open up new ways of beast breeding and cloning of the human beast will be more persistent absences; Again enhanced bio-engineering will cater updated theoretical basis.
exercises
1 What is the biological research?
2 What are the basic characteristics of life?
3 can way your daily life apt which biological and bio-products?
Chapter
the material basis of life, different kinds of organisms in individual size, morphology and physiological functions, etc. are different. However, the composition of chemical elements and of organisms All material is much the same, that is, living organisms have a common material basis activities.
Section organisms composed of chemical elements in nature
living and non alive entities are composed by chemical elements The. scientists to learn various biological protoplasm, that is, the life of the cell material, to identify the chemical elements in the organism type, amount and feature.
creature composed of chemical elements, there are 20 kinds of common, of which Some content is more, some fewer content. According to these elements in vivo the different levels, divided into 2 categories.
This is the content of a large number of elements in organisms list for more than one ten thousandth of the absolute weight of the element. such as C, H, O, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg and other track elements
commonly refers to the necessary biological life, but some factors are few requirements. such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo
and so on. trace element content in vivo, although seldom, it is to maintain customary life activities under the indispensable.
organisms composed of the important role of the chemical elements of the organism in the composition of a massive number of
element, C is the most basic elements, C, H, O, N, P, S 6 is composed of elements of the cardinal elements of protoplasm, which together account for about 97% of the total protoplasm. Most of organic compounds by organisms The 6 elements. For example, the protein is C, H, O, N and other elements, the nucleic acid is from C, H, O, N, P and other elements. biological variety of the chemical elements kind of compounds are active biological material basis of life.
the consensus of biological and non-biological and biological distinctions in the composition of chemical elements
, can be found in inorganic nature, no one is the biological matchless. The facts show that the unity of biological and non-biological have.
organism composed of chemical elements, in vivo and the inorganic nature of the content varied warmhearted. For instance, C, H, N 3 chemicals elements in the composition of the chemical composition of the body hunk of about 73% of sub-databases, and this team of 3 elements in the chemical composition of the lithosphere,beijing massage, the hunk fragment of less than 1%. The facts show that also has a biological and non biological
organisms composed of diversity of compounds
in vivo, by the chemical composition of organisms elements of compounds, these compounds joined by a certain sequence constitutes the basic structural units of biological cells. living cell is campaign to carry out all life activities, which constitute the cells of various compounds composed of cells closely related compounds
:
compounds pose cells:
1 inorganic substances: water 80-90% (fresh weight)
organic salt 1-1.5%
2: Protein 7-10%
lipid 1-2%
1-1.5%
nucleic acid sugar water

For maximum creatures, can not live without water. If there is no water on the planet, there is no life. different species, different tissues, apparatuses, biological cells of different ages is not the same moisture content.
water in the cells exist in two forms. part of the water and the combination of other substances within the cell, called the combination of water, about 4.5%. is an important makeup of cell structure. cells, most of the water to form free , can flow freely, called free water. free water is a agreeable solvent for the cell.
inorganic salts
small sums in the cell. Most of salts present in the ionic state of cells. cell content more inorganic ions Na +, K +, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Fe2 +, Fe3 + and so on. anions are Cl-, SO43-, PO43-, HCO3-, etc..
compartments salt content, whereas small, merely multifaceted character.
sugar
sugar is C, H, O 3 category of pigment combination. sugars constitute major components of organisms, but also cells mainly stamina material.
beneath substance formed after hydrolysis of carbohydrates, sugars can be divided into monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide.
easy sugars: glucose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose.
disaccharide: sucrose, maltose,and he fought side at side attach apt build a great time, lactose.
polysaccharides: starch, cellulose, glycogen.
lipid
lipids mainly by C, H, O 3 varieties of chemical elements, likewise contains many lipids including fatty lipid N and P. , lipids, and steroids, etc..
fat: stored energy to maintain body temperature constant, buffered external pressure, decrease friction between organs.
lipids: composition elements within the cell membrane.
steroids: norm of metabolism and reproduction.
protein
chemical elements mainly by the C, H, O, N form, a lot of protein also contains P, S, and some also contain trace amounts of Fe, Cu, Mn, I, Zn and other elements.
molecular weight from a few thousand to 100 million or more.
basic unit of amino acids, the molecular structure of 20 peptide bond

main function
(1) some proteins constitute the cell important substances and organisms. such as muscle.
(2) the catalyst that some proteins such as enzymes.
(3) the role of some transport proteins such as hemoglobin.
(4) some proteins regulate role, such as insulin, growth hormone.
(5) the role of some immune proteins such as antibodies.
nucleic acid
conveyor of genetic information, from C, H, O, N, P and other chemical elements, molecular mass is approximately several hundred thousand to several million. is the basic unit of nucleic acid nucleotides.
an nucleotide is part of the nitrogenous pedestal, a member of a member of five-carbon sugar and phosphate composition. Each nucleic acid particle is a few hundred to several thousand nucleotides long chain of interconnected attach.
nucleic sour in agreement with the another types of five-carbon sugar, nucleic acids can be divided into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA chiefly in the nucleus, RNA primarily in the cytoplasm, which have different biological series of DNA and RNA is not the same.
chapter the elementary element of life - cell
on Earth, in addition to viruses, all organisms are constituted by the cells. cell unit is not merely the composition of organisms, and organisms of all life activities are carried out by cells. Therefore, the cell is the organism the basic unit of structure and function.
recent decades, the electron microscopy techniques, and modern physics and chemistry, cell research on new technologies in a wide range of applications, of special note, conceptions and means of molecular biology in recent years, the introduction of to promote cell research into more advanced stage, and has made rapid development.
on the cells, we mainly study cell structure, function, proliferation, differentiation, illness and aging,shanghai massage, and other basic wisdom.
cell structure
form and function of organisms cells are small, few in the undressed eye can not watch, the vast bulk can only be observed under the microscope. to inspect the fine structure inside the cell, have to apply the electron microscope.
multicellular organisms are generally hundreds of millions of cells. such as adult body contains nearly 1014 cells. cells in a wide range of sizes, shapes vary; most cells microns in diameter (mm) level, some cells than large. cell fashion varied. function is not the same, and the formation of different organizations
(to be continued)